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Our Research

Project Publications

Annison, H., Burke, L., Carr, N., Millings, M., Robinson, G. and Surridge, E. (2023) Making Good?: A Study of How Senior Penal Policy Makers Narrate Policy Reversal The British Journal of Criminology

Millings, M., Burke, L., Annison, H., Carr, N., Robinson, G. and Surridge, E. (2025) Indifference, resistance, possibility: Probation staff perspectives on the introduction of professional registration Probation Journal

Millings, M., Burke, L., Annison, H., Carr, N., Robinson, G. and Surridge, E. (2025) A fork in the road: Probation unification in England and Wales two years on Probation Journal

Millings, M., Burke, L., Annison, H., Carr, N., Robinson, G. and Surridge, E. (2023) A necessary but painful journey: Experiences of unification in a probation service region Probation Journal

Robinson, G., Annison, H., Burke, L., Carr, N., Millings, M., and Surridge, E. (2025) Anchors Through Change: Exploring Identity Work in the Unified Probation Service for England & Wales British Journal of Criminology

Robinson, G., Annison, H., Burke, L., Carr, N., Millings, M., and Surridge, E. (2023) Whose confidence? Regional leaders’ perspectives on building confidence in a reconfigured probation service Criminology and Criminal Justice


Below are some relevant publications from earlier work, which includes findings from a previous ESRC-funded project that explored the implementation of Transforming Rehabilitation.


Previous Publications

Robinson, G. (2022) 'Can probation be rehabilitated?' Howard Journal of Crime and Justice 62, 2: 264-276

Robinson, G. (2021) ‘Rehabilitating Probation: Strategies for re-legitimation after policy failure’ Howard Journal of Crime and Justice 60, 2: 151-66. ​

Carr, N. and Robinson, G. (2021) ‘A legitimate business? Representations of privatised probation in England and Wales’ Crime, Media, Culture 17, 2: 235-54.​

Millings, M., Burke, L. and Robinson, G. (2019) ‘Lost in Transition? The personal and professional challenges for probation leaders engaged in delivering public sector reform’ Probation Journal 66, 1: 60-76.​

​Annison, H. (2019) ‘Transforming rehabilitation as 'policy disaster': unbalanced policy-making and probation reform’ Probation Journal,  66, 1: 43-59.​​

Burke, L., Millings, M. and Robinson, G. (2017) ‘Probation migration(s): Examining occupational culture in a turbulent field’ Criminology and Criminal Justice 17, 2: 192-208.​

Robinson, G., Burke, L. and Millings, M. (2017) ‘Probation, privatisation and legitimacy’ Howard Journal of Crime and Justice 56, 2: 137-157. ​

Robinson, G., Burke, L. and Millings, M. (2016) ‘Criminal Justice Identities in Transition: The Case of Devolved Probation Services in England and Wales’ British Journal of Criminology 56, 1: 161-178.